問:七月十四日貴欄有以下一句:「The coronavirus is a disease whose symptoms involve a temperature and a persistent cough (Coronavirus是一種疾病,病徵包括發燒及持續咳嗽)。」句中的whose是不是應用which取代?
答:Whose是形容詞(adjective),表示「某人/某事物的」;which是關係代名詞(relative pronoun),指「某事物」,當然不可取代whose,須和of連用才可以:The coronavirus is a disease the symptoms of which involve...。論文法,whose或of which都正確。
不少人認為,whose只可用來說人,不可用來說事物,說事物應用of which,那應是因為whose分明來自who一字,而who是人的代名詞,which則是事物的代名詞。但這觀念並不正確。請看一九五二年初版的《改譯標準本聖經.申命記》第八章的一句:「The Lord your God is bringing you into a good land,...a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills you can dig copper(上帝會帶你到一福地。其地之石頭是鐵,其地之山有銅可採)。」這一句的下半截可改為a land the stones of which are iron, and out of the hills of which you can dig copper,但這樣一改,句子反而沒有那麼順暢。莎士比亞名劇《哈姆雷特》第一幕第五場也有以下一句:「I could a tale unfold whose lightest word / Would harrow up thy soul(我可以告訴你一個故事,其中最輕鬆的字都會令你黯然銷魂)。」「Whose只可用來說『某人的』,不可用來說『某事物的』」:這條「文法」很常見,但不正確。