Be和which的用法 - 古德明

Be和which的用法 - 古德明

問:以下一句的be字,是怎樣用的?──Ever since Sennacherib made the city his capital in 700 BC, whoever ruled it has dominated the region, be they Assyrians, Arabs, or the British。
答:這一句是說:「辛那赫里布公元前七百年定都之後,據有這舊都者,無論是阿述人、阿拉伯人還是英國人,都能稱霸一方。」那be當然有「無論是……」的意思。英文有時會用be it / he / they / you等,代替whether it / he is或whether they / you are,另一寫法是whether it / he / they / you be,例如:(1)All citizens, be they rich or poor(或whether they be rich or poor / whether they are rich or poor), shall be equal before the law(公民無論貧富,法律之前都應平等)。(2)Be he a Buddhist or a Christian, I don't like him(無論他是佛教徒還是基督徒,我就是不喜歡他)。
英文常用語be that as it may的be字,也有「無論」含義,全句是說「無論是否如此」或「即使如此」,例如:"There is no evidence against him." "Be that as it may, I think he is guilty."(「沒有對他不利的證據。」「雖然如此,我還是認為犯罪的是他。」)
問:以下一句,which之前要不要加逗點?──I do not wish to be seen by the public, which would make me feel distressed(我不想公開露面,那會令我難過)。
答:這一句的which不是指the public,而是which之前那截句子所說的事。這個用法的which,前面一般會加逗點,例如:She is happy, which is good(她很快樂,那是好事)。