縮寫和冠詞 - 古德明

縮寫和冠詞 - 古德明

問:以下一句,RBS之前為什麼不用the?──Since 2008, RBS has gone through a very difficult period(二零零八年以來,皇家蘇格蘭銀行經歷了一段艱難時期)。
答:冠詞(article)問題,往往很難回答。請先看HarperCollins出版社一九九三年出版 Articles 一書第七章所述:Names of well-known organizations typically have the definite article, and they keep it when they are abbreviated. If an abbreviation is pronounced as a word, then there is no article(著名機構的名稱,一般冠以the,簡寫亦然;但簡寫假如讀如一字,非逐個字母讀出,則不冠以the)。根據這條規則,RBS(Royal Bank of Scotland)是逐個字母讀出,應冠以the;NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公約組織)讀如一字,則不應冠以the。
不過,即使逐個字母讀出的縮寫,其實很多都和全寫不同,通常不冠以the,例如:(1)He studied under Professor So-and-so while he was at UCLA/the University of California-Los Angeles(他在洛杉磯加州大學時,受業於某某教授)。(2)HSBC/The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation offers better interest rates than its rivals(香港上海匯豐銀行給客戶的利率,較其他銀行為佳)。這兩句的HSBC和UCLA之前,假如加the,文法並沒有錯,但一般是不用the的。
當然,UN、USA、EU、WTO、CBI、FBI等縮寫,都必須冠以the。為什麼?恐怕沒有人能夠解釋。我只能說那是慣用法。