問:報上讀到先生寫的一句:I found an owl perched on the back of an armchair(我看見扶手椅背上立着一隻貓頭鷹)。那perched一字,可不可改為perching?
答:Perch指「(鳥兒)棲息」,可引伸解作「坐在」、「位在」等,例如:The little girl perched (herself)on the railing(那小女孩坐到欄杆上),這一句的perched是動詞,用主動語態(active voice),指「坐到欄杆上」的動作。句子假如改為The little girl was perched on the railing,那perched不是被動語態(passive voice)動詞,而是過去分詞(past participle),作形容詞用,指那小女孩「坐在欄杆上」這個維持了一段時間的狀態。
讀者說的那一句,perched是that was perched的縮寫法,那perched是形容詞,指「立在椅背上」的狀態;改為perching,是that was perching的縮寫法,那perching是動詞。兩個寫法,意思差不多,文法也都正確,但一般會用perched,較少用perching。
問:英文歌"Promises Don't Come Easy"(諾不輕許)有以下一句:I should have known all along, there was something wrong。那all along是什麼意思?
答:All along是「一直」、「自從一開始」的意思,例如:I knew all along that he was a spy(我一直都知道他是間諜)。讀者說的那首歌,歎情人負心離去:「我應該一早就察覺,有些不妥當。」留意句中的along、wrong二字押韻,英文稱這種押韻法為internal rhyme(句中韻)。