問:網上劍橋詞典有以下一句:They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoyed the neighbours(他們不敢投訴那聲音擾人,以免鄰居不高興)。但網上牛津詞典卻說,lest之後的動詞,應用假設語氣(the subjunctive mood),即lest they annoyed應改為lest they annoy。究竟劍橋詞典有沒有錯?
答:Lest是「以免」或「唯恐」的意思,其後嚴格而言應用「should+動詞」,但那should字往往略去,例如:I left the light on lest she (should)be afraid of the dark(我沒有把燈關掉,以免她怕黑)。
不過,lest這個字今天並不常用,一般只見於語氣嚴肅的文字,而按照非正規用法,lest之後的動詞,和普通動詞無別,會隨時態變化。《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》lest條有以下例句:「She was afraid lest she had revealed too much她擔心她泄露得太多了。」這一句,和讀者所述劍橋詞典例句一樣,lest之後用了隨時態變化的動詞,可改作lest she (should)have revealed too much以及lest they (should)annoy the neighbours。有人視lest she had revealed之類寫法錯誤,有人則視為較隨便的寫法,可謂見仁見智。
無論如何,普通寫作,最好不用lest一字,改用in case,例如:(1)She was afraid in case she had revealed(或should have revealed)too much。(2)I left the light on in case she was(或should be)afraid of the dark。