敍述式問句、髮型 - 古德明

敍述式問句、髮型 - 古德明

問:「是你開走了我的汽車?」這問題,以下哪個英文說法正確?──You take / took my car?
答:這句英文,純粹靠句末提高語氣表達疑問,沒有用倒裝法(inversion),即沒有把動詞或輔助動詞置於主詞(subject)之前,文法上和一般敍述句(statement)無異,所以,說過去的事,動詞就應用過去式:You took my car?
有時,問句會連主詞都畧去,例如:(1)Seen him?(= Have you seen him?見到他了嗎?)(2)Make it?(= Did you make it?成功了嗎?)這兩句,其實都用了一般問句的倒裝法,只是畧去了輔助動詞和主詞。所以,雖然是說過去的事,第二句的動詞卻用原形(infinitive)而不用過去式made。
問:要問「你如何幾十年都保持這個髮型的?」以下譯文哪兩個選擇較好?──How can/could you keep/have kept the same hairstyle for decades ?
答:保持同一髮型,應是意願而非能力的問題,所以譯文不宜用can/could(能夠)。「你怎麼幾十年都留同一髮型?」英文可以說:Why have you worn / kept / maintained the same hairstyle for decades?
「你是怎樣保持身材幾十年不變的?」這個問題關乎能力多於意願,可以用manage一字表達「雖然困難,但也能夠」的意思,可翻譯如下:How have you managed to keep your figure for decades?