問:以下兩句,為什麼一用costs,一用cost?又第一句的had estimated可不可改為have estimated?(1)The replacement cost of the equipment is more than we had estimated(該設備的更換費用,超出我們估計)。(2)The costs to repair the equipment will affect the budget(修理該設備的費用,會影響財務預算)。
答:Cost一般是指一筆費用,costs則是指所有的費用。《朗文當代高級英漢雙解詞典》例句可以說明這一點:(1)This doesn't include the cost of repairing the damage(這不包括修理損毀的費用)。(2)The funds will just cover the museum's running costs(這些資金剛好足夠支付經營博物館的費用)。第一句指「修理」這一筆費用,所以用cost;第二句指經營博物館的所有費用,所以用costs。讀者示下那兩句,文法上用cost或costs都可以,但用cost會好一點:costs應是指合計的費用。
至於第一句,用過去完成式had estimated,由於沒有上下文,我也不能解釋。一般而言,這裏應用過去式動詞,即...than we estimated / had in mind / expected / budgeted等。
問:小女補習學校來信說:Please bring your children to the X Hall as the funfair will be taken place there(請帶孩子到X堂,遊樂會將於堂內舉行)。這一句應用被動語態(passive voice)動詞will be taken place嗎?
答:當然不應。句子可改寫如下:Please bring your children to the X Hall, where the funfair will take place。