問:貴欄說exhibits belonging to half a century ago(展品是半世紀前的物件)的belonging是正確用法。我知道belong to the 1950s(屬於一九五零年代)這說法沒有錯,即belong to之後用名詞;但belong to half a century ago,那half a century ago似是副詞片語(adverbial),然則belong to之後可用副詞嗎?
答:請讀者先看一八五四年六月英國文學雜誌 Eliza Cook's Journal 所載故事"How M de Gascon Got out of St Petersburg"中的一句:I could not help thinking that I and he and everything around belonged to four hundred years ago(我真覺得我和他和周圍一切,都是四百年前的人和物)。Belonged to four hundred years ago、belonging to half a century ago等,是頗為常見的說法,文法沒有問題。
論文法,half a century ago的ago,其實不是副詞(adverb):副詞是不可修飾名詞的,而years、century等都是名詞。《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》、《朗文當代高級英漢雙解詞典》等,都說這個ago是副詞,那是隨俗,不大準確。美國英文大詞典 Random House Unabridged Dictionary (Second Edition)把ago分為兩個用法:(一)作adjective(形容詞),注釋是past(usually preceded by a noun):five days ago(ago即「從前的」,多用在名詞之後,如「五天前」是five days ago)。(二)作adverb(副詞),注釋是in the past: All this happened long ago(ago即「在從前」,如「這一切發生在很久之前」是All this happened long ago)。Long ago是以副詞ago修飾另一副詞long。