問年齡、屬半世紀前 - 古德明

問年齡、屬半世紀前 - 古德明

問:要問「某甲比某乙大多少歲」,英文怎麼說?
答:要說年紀比某某大,英文可用older、elder兩字,例如:(1)A is ten years older than B / A is older than B by ten years。(2)A is ten years B's elder / A is B's elder by ten years。這都是說「A比B大十歲」,頭兩句的older是形容詞,後兩句的elder則是名詞,指「年紀較大者」。
要問「他比瑪麗大多少歲」,英文可以說How many years is he older than Mary?或How many years is he Mary's elder?第二個說法較為少見。
問:在一個英文寫作研討會上,讀到介紹香港公屋歷史的文字,其中exhibits belonging to half a century ago七字,是廣東話「屬於半世紀前的展品」,卻不是正式英文說法,對嗎?──Precious exhibits belonging to half a century ago were also displayed(半世紀前的珍品也有展出)。
答:用belong說「屬於某個時代」,是純正英文,反而「屬於某個時代」這樣的說法,是下等中文。宋亡之後,詩人林景熙寫過一首《山窗新糊,有故朝封事稿,閱之有感》:「何人一紙防秋疏,卻與山窗障北風?」換言之,林景熙用紙糊窗,發覺糊窗紙原來是趙宋時代論邊防的奏章,不禁感慨繫之。「有故朝封事稿」英文可譯做There was a draft statement to the emperor, which belonged to the previous dynasty,中文卻不會說「有屬於故朝之封事稿」。