問:讀《壹週刊》,見到以下一句,是什麼意思?末句a nation和a people之間,是不是應加逗點?──This is a collection of prejudice. Opinions based on a lifetime's experience. Identifying what it is that makes a nation a people and not just a random collective of individuals who happen to share the same geography is a risky business。
答:第一句開頭那個this,根據下文推斷,應是指對一個民族的看法。那三句是說:「這是概括而偏頗的印象。是按一生經驗而成的意見。要指出什麼使一國之人成為一個民族,而不是湊巧集合在同一地方的男男女女,這工作殊不討好。」
Nation中文多譯做「國家」,和country相同,但nation着重一國的民眾,country則着重國土,所以英文可說a nation without a country(沒有國土的一國百姓)。A people是「一個民族」。To make a nation a people即「使一國之人成為一個民族」,文法上等於to make someone a soldier(使某某成為軍人),a nation和a people之間,當然不可加逗點。
問:法國小說家蒲魯斯特(Marcel Proust)說:There are perhaps no days of our childhood we lived so fully as those we believe we left without having lived them, those we spent with a favourite book。這一句說的是什麼?
答:這一句是說:「童年時代,過得最充實的日子,也許正是我們認為虛度了的日子,即沉醉於書中趣味的日子。」