說原因 - 古德明

說原因 - 古德明

問:Reason(理由)之後,用for或of,意思有什麼不同?《朗文當代高級英漢雙解詞典》reason條有以下提示:「不要說the reason of something,而要說the reason for something。」但狄更斯小說David Copperfield第六回卻有以下一句,the reason之後用of:He was a person of great power in my eyes; that was, of course, the reason of my mind running on him(他在我眼中很有權勢,那當然是我常常想到他的原因)。
答:Reason之後,用of,是指原因的性質;用for,則是指「為什麼會如此」,例如:He resigned for the simple reason of old age / The reason for his resignation was simply old age(他辭職,只是因為年老)。常用語by reason of(因某事)的of,也是指原因的性質,上述朗文字典就有a person disqualified by reason of age(因年齡原故而不具資格者)一例。
不過,即使是說「為什麼會如此」,有些人也用of而不用for,例如HC Wyld編寫的The Universal Dictionary of the English Language有以下例句:(1)What is the reason of the tides?(為什麼會有潮汐?)(2)The reasons of the German defeat were many and complex(德國戰敗的原因很多,也很複雜)。這兩句的of,一般人會用for取代。讀者示下狄更斯那一句,改用for當然也可以。《朗文當代高級英漢雙解詞典》較為執着正宗用法,所以叫人「不要說the reason of something」。