問:有文法書說,句子的主要動詞(main verb),假如顯示方向或位置,則或可用倒裝法(inversion)。但以下一句不涉位置或方向,用倒裝法究竟正不正確?──To our already heavy burden were added their unreasonable demands(我們的負擔已夠沉重,還加上他們的無理需索)。
答:倒裝法是指主要動詞置於主詞(subject)之前,例如:At the edge of the garden stood a stranger(花園邊緣站着一個陌生人)。句中的stood是顯示位置的動詞,置於主詞a stranger之前。假如不用倒裝法,這一句可寫作A stranger stood at the edge of the garden。
但倒裝法並不限於上述這類句子。句子假如用前置法(fronting),有時也就會同時用倒裝法。
所謂前置法,是把一般用於主詞、動詞之後的詞語,置於主詞之前,以突出這些詞語;而主詞則或置於句末,這有時也收強調主詞之效,例如:(1)Beautiful was the moon(=The moon was beautiful月亮真美)。(2)Unknown to us was what he had done(=What he had done was unknown to us我們還未知道他做了什麼)。
讀者示下那一句,就是前置法和倒裝法並用,文法沒有錯。全句不用前置法可改寫如下:Their unreasonable demands were added to our already heavy burden。