AfterdefeatingitsrivalAthensinthefifthcenturyBC,SpartabecamethemostpowerfulcityinGreece.Nevertheless,thevauntedSpartanarmywasdefeatedbyThebesin371BCattheBattleofLeuctra.TheturningpointinthebattlecamewhenaneliteThebanmilitaryunitbroketheSpartanrightwing.
Famedforitsfightingability,thismilitaryunitwasknownastheSacredBand,andconsistedof150homosexualcouples.Theideawasthateverymaninthebandwouldbemotivatedtofighttohismaximumabilitytoprotecthisloverandtoavoidshaminghimselfinfrontofhislover.Itworked.Thebandwasundefeatedformorethan30years.WhenitwasfinallyovercomebytheMacedonians,everymaninthebandwasunwillingtosurrender,andfoughttothedeath.
公元前五世紀斯巴達打敗對手雅典之後,成為希臘最強的城市。可是,公元前三七一年留克特拉一役,備受推崇的斯巴達軍隊卻為底比斯所敗。底比斯一個精銳兵團擊潰斯巴達軍隊的右翼,是這場戰爭的轉捩點。
那兵團名為神聖隊,以善戰知名,由一百五十對同性戀人組成。創辦者的意思,是隊員為了保護情侶,同時不想在情侶跟前丟臉,作戰就會全力以赴。這主意很成功。神聖隊三十多年未嘗一敗,最後雖然敗在馬其頓人手下,但隊員無一願意投降,全部戰死。
【附注】底比斯是古希臘一重要城邦,公元前三三五年因反抗亞歷山大大帝,被夷為平地。