Intheearly19thcentury,aftertheBritishhadseizedcontroloftheDutchCapeColonyinsouthernAfrica,thelargelyDutchsettlersattheCape,knownasBoers,begantomigratetotheAfricaninteriortoescapeBritishrule.
OnegroupofBoerscrossedtheDrakensbergmountainsintoZuluterritory.TheyfailedintheirnegotiationswiththeZulusforthepurchaseoflandforsettlingandgrazing,andenduredanumberofassaults.On16December1838,abattletookplacebetweentheBoersandtheZulusonthebanksoftheNcomeRiverinNatal.Just470BoerfightersfacedaZuluarmyestimatedtonumberfrom10000to20000men.
Intheeventitwasnocontest:Europeanfirepowerwonthedayagainstspears.OnlythreeBoerswerewounded,whilemorethan3000Zuluswerekilledinwhatbecameknownasthe"BattleofBloodRiver".
十九世紀初,英國佔領非洲南端荷蘭的好望角殖民地。當地的波爾居民多是荷蘭人,不喜歡英國統治,紛紛移居非洲內陸。
一群波爾人越過德拉肯斯堡山脈,進入祖魯人領土,想購買土地定居、放牧,未能成事,並屢次受襲。一八三八年十二月十六日,他們和祖魯人在納答爾恩卡姆河打了一仗。四百七十名波爾戰士對抗估計有一、二萬人的祖魯軍隊。
那是強弱懸殊的一戰:歐洲軍火不是長矛所能抗衡的。波爾人只有三個受了傷,祖魯人則有三千個命喪沙場。這一役史稱「血河之役」。