Inthe1860s,thediscoveryofgoldanddiamondsinsouthernAfricamadetheBritish,whoalreadyhadtwocoloniesthere,considerannexingthelocalstateofZululand.In1878,theymagnifiedasmallconflictwiththeZulukingCetshwayo,whichultimatelyescalatedtoCetshwayobeinggivenanultimatumtodisbandhisarmy.
WhenCetshwayo,asexpected,ignoredtheultimatum,theBritishinvadedZululandwithanarmyof13000men,expectingoneasyvictory.Theyweremetwithanarmyof20000-25000Zuluwarriors,who,armedwithspearsagainstBritishguns,beattheBritishresoundinglyon22January1879.Nearly1200redcoatswerekilled.
Sadly,thiswastobethelastvictoryoftheZulunation.TheBritishreturnedinJuly,andtheZuluswereutterlyrouted.CetshwayowascapturedandtakentoLondon.TheZulukingdomcametoanend.
一八六○年代,英國在非洲南部已有兩個殖民地。由於當時這個地區發現黃金、鑽石礦藏,英國人就想把區內的祖魯國都併入版圖。一八七八年,他們和祖魯國王塞奇瓦約有小衝突,乘機把事情越鬧越大,終於向塞奇瓦約發出最後通牒,要他把手下軍隊解散。
塞奇瓦約一如所料,不理會這最後通牒。英國於是派一萬三千人的軍隊入侵祖魯國,以為可輕易取勝。迎敵的祖魯戰士有二萬至二萬五千人,以長矛對抗英軍的火槍,一八七九年一月二十二日,大敗英軍,英軍陣亡者將近一千二百人。
可惜這是祖魯國最後一場勝利了。同年七月,英國捲土重來,祖魯軍一敗塗地。塞奇瓦約被俘,押送倫敦。祖魯王國從此滅亡。