輕騎兵旅衝鋒行 - 古德明

輕騎兵旅衝鋒行 - 古德明

RussianaggressionagainstTurkeyin1853ledtotheCrimeanWarbetweenRussiaandanallianceofBritain,FranceandTurkey.Duringoneofthebattles,therewassomeconfusionabouttheorders,and673BritishcavalrymenweresentonachargeupalongvalleywithRussianartilleryfiringonthemfromthreesides.Theysufferedheavycasualtiesand,thoughabletoengagetheRussianforcesattheendofthevalley,theyweresoonforcedtoretire.Morethan200ofthemwerekilled.
Militarily,thechargewasaterribleblunder,butthereputationoftheBritishcavalrywasgreatlyenhanced,thanksinnosmallparttoTennyson'sfamouspoem"TheChargeoftheLightBrigade":"IntotheValleyofDeath/Rodethesixhundred.../Theirsnottoreasonwhy;/Theirsbuttodoanddie."
一八五三年俄國犯土耳其,引起克里米亞半島戰爭,英、法、土耳其聯盟抗俄。在一場戰役中,由於軍令傳達不清,六百七十三名英國騎兵奉命沿一長谷進攻,遭俄軍砲兵三面轟擊,死傷枕藉,雖然終於到達山谷彼端和俄軍交戰,但不久就被迫退卻,死者超過二百人。
軍事上,這場進攻是個嚴重錯誤,但英國騎兵的聲譽卻大大提高了。這得歸功於丁尼生的著名詩篇《輕騎兵旅衝鋒行》:「六百男子漢,策馬死亡谷……捐軀分內事,且莫問因由。」
【附注】丁尼生(1809-1892)是英國桂冠詩人(poetlaureate),即由國王任命的官方詩人。據說他在報上讀到上述輕騎兵旅故事,心情激動,花了幾分鐘就寫成《輕騎兵旅衝鋒行》。