AlexandertheGreatwasthesonofPhilipⅡofMacedon,himselfagreatwarriorwhodefeatedtheGreeksin338BC,bringingallofGreeceunderMacedoniancontrolwiththeexceptionofSparta.Alexander'smotherwasOlympias,princessofEpirus,whoaccordingtoPlutarchwasdescendedfromAchilles'grandfather.AlexanderwastaughtbyhismotherthatAchilleswashisancestor,andthathisfatherwasdescendedfromHercules.AchillesbecameAlexander'srolemodelinallthings,andhekeptacopyofHomer'sIlliadunderhispillow.
Evenmoreambitiousthanhisfather,AlexanderweptbitterlyasachildwhenheheardofPhilip'sconquests."Myfather,"hesaid,"willgetaheadofmeineverythingandwillleavenothinggreatformetodo."
亞歷山大大帝是馬其頓國王菲力浦二世的兒子。菲力浦本身是大軍事家,公元前三三八年打敗希臘,使全希臘除了斯巴達都要聽馬其頓號令。亞歷山大的母親奧林匹亞斯是伊庇魯斯國公主,而據蒲魯塔克說,阿奇里斯的祖父正是奧林匹亞斯的祖宗。奧林匹亞斯告訴亞歷山大:他的祖先是阿奇里斯,而他父親則是海克力斯之後。亞歷山大事事都以阿奇里斯作榜樣,他枕頭下長期放一本荷馬的《伊里亞特》。
亞歷山大的野心比父親更大。他小時候,聽見菲力浦沙場奏捷,曾經痛哭着說:「爸爸什麼事都先我而行,一點大事都不留給我做。」
【附注】阿奇里斯是荷馬名著《伊里亞特》裏刀槍不入的英雄,海克力斯則是希臘神話裏力大無窮的勇士。蒲魯塔克是希臘歷史學家。