AlexandertheGreatwasonly20whenheinheritedhisfather'skingdomofMacedonia.SomeoftheGreekcitystatessawthisasachancetoregaintheirindependencefromtheMacedonians.WhileAlexanderwasawaymakingwaronsomebarbariantribesinthenorth,someonespreadastorythathewasdead.ThepeopleinthecityofThebesrevoltedandcalleduponthepeopleofAthenstojointhem.
AlexandersoonappearedbeforeThebeswithhisarmy.Tosetanexample,hecompletelydestroyedthecity.Mostofthepopulation,includingwomenandchildren,werekilled,andthosefewleftaliveweresoldintoslavery.EverybuildinginThebeswasrazedexceptthetemplesandthehouseinwhichthepoetPindarhadlivedacenturybefore:AlexanderlovedPindar'sodes.
亞歷山大大帝才二十歲就繼承父親的馬其頓王國,希臘一些城邦認為這是擺脫馬其頓羈縻、恢復獨立的好機會。亞歷山大出征北方蠻族的時候,有傳言說他死了。底比斯城於是作反,並呼籲雅典響應。
亞歷山大馬上率軍來到底比斯,把整個城邦摧毀,實行以一警百。底比斯人屠殺殆盡,連婦孺都不放過,餘下的則賣作奴隸。城中建築物全部夷平,只有神殿和一百年前詩人平德爾的故居例外:亞歷山大喜歡平德爾寫的頌詩。
【附注】Raze和解作「剃刀」的razor同出一源,指夷平大廈、城鎮等,常見於成語razetotheground(夷為平地),例如:The9-11attackrazedtheWorldTradeCentertotheground(九一一襲擊夷平了世貿中心)。